Bias And Missing Evidence Checklist

Use

Use this before trusting a sample.

Checklist

• Who is included?
• Who is excluded?
• Who did not respond?
• Which measurements may be wrong?
• Which values are missing?
• Could missingness be related to the outcome?
• Is the sample frame the same as the population?
• Is survivorship bias possible?

Careful Sentence

This sample may not fully represent the population because ...