Tables, Rows, Columns, Schemas, and Relational Thinking
Read a database you have never seen: state the grain of every table, find the join keys, and spot the join that multiplies rows.
A small analytics database, checked SQL queries, row-count reconciliation, and an AI-ready data evidence memo.
Read a database you have never seen: state the grain of every table, find the join keys, and spot the join that multiplies rows.
Turn a vague request into a question with one right answer, and learn the evaluation order that decides what your filter can see.
Missing data changes averages without warning. Learn to predict what NULL drops, and to publish the denominator alongside every number.
Summarise without losing the truth: pick the right grain, keep the awkward bucket visible, and make the parts sum to the whole.
The most expensive mistake in SQL: a join that repeats each order once per line item and inflates revenue by 3.4 times.
Build long queries in named stages you can check one at a time, instead of one block that is either right or wrong.
Window functions keep every row while computing across them: running totals, rankings, and shares that find their own denominator.
A missing day looks exactly like a slow day. Learn the date-range convention that is correct for every period, every time.
One city stored three ways counts as three cities. Find the variants, write a normalisation rule, and state what it does not catch.
Re-running a query is not verification. Build checks that can actually fail, then write the evidence note that goes with the number.
Aggregate in SQL, shape in pandas, and assert that both routes agree before anyone reports two different averages.
Retrieval quality is a data problem first: one row per citable thing, content that stands alone, and access enforced in the query.
The capstone: one analysis-ready dataset, eight questions, every figure reconciled, and a memo that answers its own objections.
This is a text-first course shell. Leonardo/image creation, image QC, dependency-heavy runtime QA, external review, and learner pilot evidence remain separate later quality steps.